Imaging the Caldwells for the Astronomical League
(Imaging Calwell Observing Program)
Updated 07/21/24 09:02 PM -0400

Caldwell targets imaged to date: 71

Seeing what the ZWO SeeStar S50 can do on another esteemed list of star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies!  My goal is to image 70 of these for the silver level Caldwell certificate.
All images are 2-5 minutes of live stacking of 10-second exposures unless otherwise noted. Each image is the stacked jpg saved to my phone by Seestar. Initially I did no post-processing save for a quick contrast and desaturation in either the native iPhone photos app or the free version of Lightroom. As I progressed, I found that it was actually faster to run the jpegs through a quick Topaz Denoise on my pc, followed by a one-click adjustment in Photoshop (either HDR or auto curves). Regardless of which route I took, my goal was to only spend 5-10 minutes on post-processing before posting to this web page.

All images are taken by myself using either an iPhone (1 image) or a ZWO SeeStar S50, a 50mm refractor at 202mm FL with the IMX462 imaging chip at Deerlick Astronomy Village, Sharon GA (33.553879, -82.761069) unless noted otherwise. Time and date stamps, plus total stack times, are captured in the image watermark. All times are local (Eastern time zone).

Caldwell Target List

C#	NGC/IC	Con.	Type	Date	Local Time	S/T	Image	Observing Notes	R. A.	Dec.	Mag.	Size (arcmin)	Notes
1	188	Cep	OC	1/29/24	20:10	T3/5 S2/5		This open cluster is loosely concentrated and is composed of stars of varying size and magnitude. Long strings of stars spiral out as if the entire cluster is slowly spinning. This sense of movement is especially noticeable along the top edge of the cluster.	00 44.4	+85 20	8.1	14
2	40	Cep	PN	1/29/24	221:33	T3/5 S2/5		This planetary nebula was glowing with an atypical but prominent reddish cast to it tonight, likely due to the filter used. Although hard to see in this image but noticeable when viewing live, the nebula seemed to have identations on opposite sides (left and right in this orientation), giving it a hint of an apple core shape.	00 13.0	+72 32	11.6	0.6
3	4236	Dra	SbG	4/29/24	01:20	T1/5 S1/5 thin clouds		What an unusual contorted wisp of a galaxy! It is elongated with a star-like core and has knots and twists in its spiral arms. It is so dim that I almost didn't see it  - shooting through high thin clouds made it challenging! I'd like to return to this object under better conditions.	12 16.7	+69 28	9.7	21 x 7
4	7023	Cep	BN	6/8/24	00:50	T4/5 S2.5/5		The Iris Galaxy is one of my favorites.  This is a boxy reflection nebula with an angled "L"-shaped interior of pale blue green clouds. Zoom in on the center of the blossum tobsee!  Some of the dim dust clouds shrouding the lower border of the flower look like they have knotty stalactites hanging inside. The upper black void serves as a little window to a half dozen background stars. There's lot to admire here!	21 01.8	+68 12	6.8	18 x 18	Reflection Nebula
5	IC 342	Cam	SBcG	2/6/24	21:42	T2/5 S2.5/5		A rose-like beauty is hiding as a dim galaxy in Camelopardalis! Such a pretty surprise once I enhanced the contrast to pull out the details. There is evidently a lot of Milky Way dust in between us and this galaxy. The bottom portion of it appears to be abruptly shadowed with a finger of darkness.	03 46.8	+68 06	9.2	18 x 17
6	6543	Dra	PN	5/2/24	00:02	S3/5 S3/5		The Cat's Eye Nebula is surprisingly small here but it is surrounded by the tell-tale turquoise-green haze characteristic of planetary nebula. It is fairly round but shows no structural details with this 2" scope. If you look closely though, you'll see a small scraggly turquoise squiggle which turns out to be the mag 15.7 planetary nebula, IC 4677. I was excited to find that! Another tiny object in this field is little NGC 6552, a 14th magnitude spiral galaxy visible as a vertical bit of fluff directly below the Cat's Eye. See a rough image with labels here.	17 58.6	+66 38	8.8	0.3/5.8	Cat's Eye Nebula
7	2403	Cam	ScG	2/13/24	32:47	T4/5 S2/5		What a stunning galaxy! Look at us almost face-on, this galaxy shows off its lovely arms sqirling around a condensed core. One of the arms is sharply angled (to the left of the core) as if something has squashed it. A dozen pretty stars appear to be embedded in the arms, but I'm assuming that they are actually foreground stars. I'll definitely come back and visit this one again!	07 36.9	+65 36	8.9	18 x 10
8	559	Cas	OC	1/29/24	21:23	T3/5 S2/5		This is a fine-grained and tight cluster. A dozen or more star make a straight-line exit from the left side. Off-center in the core is a clump of brighter stars. Three noticeable voids lie in the field to the left, top, and right of this cluster as if something emptied out the stars and left dark pools.	01 29.5	+63 18	9.5	4
9	Sh2-155	Cep	BN	6/8/24	02:38	T4/5 S2.5/5		At first I wasn't even going to attempt imaging this dim, dark nebula with the little Seestar, but it did admirably!  A diffuse arc of haze surrounds the dark "mouth" of the cave and bright lumpy clouds form a distinct wall at the cave's upper rim. Dim rosy clouds oppose one another on the right and left side of the dark center. I'm glad I decided to take a look at this!	22 56.8	+62 37	7.7	50 x 10	Cave Nebula
10	663	Cas	OC	1/12/24	00:45	T3/5 S2/5		I really like these Caldwell open clusters! This one is loosely packed with a void running into the center of it. A variety of star sizes can be seen, with two clumps of bright ones to the top and bottom right. To me it looks like a Chinese dragon with its mouth open.	01 46.0	+61 15	7.1	16
11	7635	Cas	BN	1/31/24	22:01	T 2.5/5 T 4/5		The Bubble Nebula is such a lovely and so three-dimensional nebula. Truly looking ike a bubble in motion, it is encased in a billowing cloud of rosy gas. The dense open cluster M52 lies to the above and right.	23 20.7	+61 12	7	15 x 8	Bubble Nebula
12	6946	Cyg	ScG	5/29/24	00:13	T2.5/5 S2/5		The Fireworks Galaxy is visually quite dim. With just the simple imaging offered by the smartscope, I'm able to move one slider to reveal the jaw-dropping beauty of this face-on spiral. The three distinct arms (legs?) are spectacular as they extend outward from the elongated core. The two  legs at the bottom give this galaxy the look of a shelled crustacean walking jauntily down the beach.	20 34.8	+60 09	9.7	11 x 9	Fireworks Galaxy
13	457	Cas	OC	1/5/24	00:31	T4/5 S3/5		This is the Owl or "E.T." cluster, with two big bright stars for eyes (one brighter than the other), and a long arm of doublets stretching out to the left (complete with a bright star where the glowing fingertip should be.) If you;d like to interpret this as an owl, there are "wings" closer to his body. the left "wing" is made of three nice pairs of stars with a couple of smaller stars at the tip. This is one of my favorite clusters for outreach at schools.	01 19.1	+58 20	6.4	13	Phi Cas Cluster
14	869/884	Per	OC	1/5/24	00:26	T4/5 S3/5		This is the famous Double Cluster in Perseus, a fabulous binocular object. The upper cluster in this image is NGC 884 (chi Persei); the lower one is NGC 869 (h Persei). We can see my favorite little man asterism of bright stars (or maybe he's an astronaut) at the center of NGC 869.	02 20.0	+57 08	4.3	30 and 30	Sword Handle
15	6826	Cyg	PN	5/28/24	23:12	T2.5/5 S2/5		This planetary nebula is so small, I almost missed it but its telltale aqua color pulled my eye to it. I thought it was quite pretty, sitting daintily in the field below the bright double stars of 16 Cygnii.	19 44.8	+50 31	9.8	0.5/2.3	Blinking Nebula
16	7243	Lac	OC	1/29/24	19:56	T3/5 S2/5		This entire star field is packed with streamers of small stars with a handful of larger stars scattered throughut. The open cluster itself is loose and stretched out in a somewhat oblong formation of brighter stars. (Squint your eyes to pick it out.) The "cluster" (if you can call it that) has several doublets & triplets of stars accenting the group.	22 15.3	+49 53	6.4	21
17	147	Cas	dE4G	1/31/24	20:33	T 2.5/5 T 4/5		I somehow managed to squeeze Caldwell 17 and 18 into the same field here. C17, at the bottom right, is a very faint oval dwarf galaxy. It diffuse and hard to see, despite its offical magnitude of 9.7. Its companion, Caldwell 18, sits almost off-screen at the top left.  It has a much brighter, more obvious core, but its surrounding haze is still extremely faint. As such, it is deservedly given a brighter magnitude of 9.2.	00 33.2	+48 30	9.3	13 x 8
18	185	Cas	dE0G	1/31/24	20:33	T 2.5/5 T 4/5		See observing notes above (in the same field with Caldwell 17).	00 39.0	+48 20	9.2	12 x 9
19	IC 5146	Cyg	BN	6/8/24	01:50	T4/5 S2.5/5		I always get excited about imaging this "bright" nebula but once I get it in the field of view, I'm always disappointed by how dim it is. However, a simple bit of HDR stretching brought out some of the inner structure, with interesting dark rivulets giving it a 3-D look. With a bit of imagination it might hint of a volcanic mound with a caldera in the center. Snake-like dark nebula Barnard 168 forms an empty river of blackness heading upward and out of the field at the top of the frame.	21 53.5	+47 16	10	12 x 12	Cocoon Nebula
20	7000	Cyg	BN				.		20 58.8	+44 20	6	120 x 100	Nort American Nebula
21	4449	CVn	IG	3/14/24	00:50	T2 S2/5 (smoke!)		This is an odd, irregular, blob of a galaxy. It is rectangular in shape, with a long, narrow, bright core. Unique!	12 28.2	+44 06	9.4	5 x 3
22	7662	And	PN	1/29/24	20:21	T3/5 S2/5		This planetary nebula is a favorite called the "Blue Snowball". It is round, bright, & definitely shines with a touch of electric blue! It sits just below a broad curve five bright field stars. Bright variable star 13 Andromedae sits on the upper right edge of the field.	23 25.9	+42 33	9.2	0.3/2.2
23	891	And	SbG	1/11/24	21:09	T4/5 S2/5		This "silver sliver" edge-on spiral galaxy is a needle-like beauty sporting a tight and thin dust belt straight across its middle. It's sitting in a field of scattered stars, the brightest of which is mag 6.7 HD 14771, just above the galaxy to the right. It is reportedly similar in structure to our own Milky Way.	02 22.6	+42 21	9.9	14 x 2
24	1275	Per	Seyfert	1/12/24	01:02	T3/5 S2/5		This is a very small (2.2' x 1') spiral galaxy that really deserves a larger aperture than the Seestar S50. The small fuzzy "bean" in the center of the field (image1) is our galaxy NGC 1275, better known by its strong radio & xray source as "Perseus A". Below it (a hop just over bright star in between) is slightly dimmer galaxy NGC 1272. Just to NGC 1275's upper right is a tilted pair of fuzzy cats-eyes that are also galaxies. There are actually 20 galaxies in this image - see the plate solve (image2)! This galaxy cluster is catalogued as Abell 625.	03 19.8	+41 31	11.6	2.6 x 1	Per A radio source
25	2419	Lyn	GC	1/29/24	20:55	T3/5 S2/5		This is a really cool globular cluster that joins two mag 7/8 stars to make a evenly spaced and sized line of three "stars". It takes a moment to realized that the bottom "star" is actually a dimmer and fuzzier globular cluster and not a star. Known as the "intergalactic wanderer", it was once thought to be located outside of the Milky Way.	07 38.1	+38 53	10.4	4.1
26	4244	CVn	SG	3/13/24	23:33	T2 S2/5 (smoke!)		This is the "Silver Needle" galaxy. Aptly named, it is an edge-on spiral that is extremely thin and elongated, narrowing into tips at each end. The center core glows brightly and a nice dust band can just barely be detected crossing along the top of its midsection. The outer regions are a bit clumpy, but it's hard to resolve much detail.	12 17.5	+37 49	10.6	16 x 2.5
27	6888	Cyg	BN	6/8/24	00:25	T4/5 S2.5/5		The Crescent Nebula is always a crowd-pleaser when doing EAA at outreach. It is a large, rosy, oblong bubble with its outer rim brightly illuminated on three sides, as if by a spotlights. The bottom side has no discernable edge to it, and has stars seeming to fall out of the bubble into the field. And speaking of stars, this nebula sits in the middle of a swath of the Milky Way, and the field here is full of them!	20 12.0	+38 21	7.5	20 x 10	Crescent Nebula
28	752	And	OC	1/11/24	23:59	T3/5 S2/5		This is a large (1.25°) and loose open cluster that spreads out the width of this FOV (roughly 0.75° x 1.5°). At this magnification the perimeter of the oc is indistinct, but with a nice drizzle of stars extending into the field at the lower edge of center. A vdark oid encroaches into the center.	01 57.8	+37 41	5.7	50
29	5005	CVn	SbG	3/20/24	6:10	T3/5 S1/5		This is a laid-back spiral galaxy. The brightness of its core overpowers the glow of its dusty encircling arms.  To the upper left in the field is bright mag 6.5 red giant star HD 114975; this star looks yellowish here.	13 10.9	+37 03	9.8	5.4 x 2
30	7331	Peg	SbG	6/8/24	02:23	T4/5 S2.5/5		This galaxy, NGC 7331, is one of the last targets I imaged for this project, but I wanted to make sure to include because it is the prominent object marking the "Deerlick" group of galaxies, the namesake for our astronomy village. Although in this field this spral galaxy is fairly small, by employing a simple HDR stretch and zooming in, some detail can be seen. There is an elongated bright core surrounded by a swirling halo; the upper arm is bright and knotty, with a prominent dust lane between it and the core.	22 37.1	+34 25	9.5	11 x 4
31	IC 405	Aur	BN	1/12/24	00:34	T3/5 2/5		Bright star AE Aurigae illuminates this large but low surface brightness nebula with rosy pinks and reds. The nebula can be imagined as the heated smoke from the flaming star. A proper image needs more time to bring out the lovely details, but I'm please that this short exposure with a small aperture scope conveys the overall nature of the nebula.	05 16.2	+34 16	6	30 x 19	Flaming Star Nebula
32	4631 (+4656)	CVn	ScG	3/20/24	6:10	T3/5 S1/5		Another favorite grouping, this is the Whale and its Pup (the little elliptical next to it on the right). The Whale is filled with knots and swirls and sports a twisted "lip" on its upper left side. A tattered needle-like galaxy with an abruptly turned up tip, NGC 4656, sits to the upper left in the frame.	12 42.1	+32 32	9.3	15 x 3	Whale & Pup
33	6992	Cyg	SN	6/8/24	1:14	T4/5 S2.5/5	2 images stitched	Ah, the Veil Nebula! This mosaic of two frames contains the stunning arc of the Eastern Veil. Twisting wisps of rosy pink clouds are the bow shock remnants from a super nova 10,000 years ago. Hundreds of small stars fill the field. The beauty of the field belies the violent explosion that created what we see here today..	20 56.4	+31 43	-	60 x 8	East Veil Nebula
34	6960	Cyg	SN	6/8/24	1:14	T4/5 S2.5/5	. 2 images stitched	This beauty is the counterpart ot the Eastern Veil and is cleverly named the Western Veil. It is sometimes referred to as the Witch's Broom. Its filamentous swishes of colorful clouds are seemingly held together by bright star 52 Cygnii, although it is actualy a foreground star with no physical connection to the  thin gas streamers of the veil. The field above the Veil is darker, with fewer stars than the dense field underneath. (I initially thought I had a gradient artifact, but it's actually a real difference in the field star concentration.) Like the image above, this is also a mosaic of two frames, giving my images of C33 and C34 a similar scale.	20 45.7	+30 43	-	70 x 6	West Veil Nebula
35	4889	Com	E4G	3/30/24	23:42	T2.5/5 S2/5		This is a super giant elliptical galaxy (center) in the middle of a swarm of smaller ones. A companion elliptcal, NGC 4872, sits nearby to the upper right. Three bright (mag 7-8) stars form a lazy "L" to the upper left. Another mag 12 galaxy, NGC 4921, stands out in the field, located straight down from our target. The labeled field (image #2) reveals the host of deep sky objects captured here!	13 00.1	+27 59	11.4	3 x 2	Brightest in cluster
36	4559	Com	ScG	3/14/24	01:39	T2/5 S2/5 (smoke)		Nice elongated spiral with disturbed internal structure. Prominent dust lanes and knots can be seen. Its bright stellar core houses a black hole!	12 36.0	+27 58	9.8	10 x 4
37	6885	Vul	OC	5/29/24	00:32	T2.5/5 S2/5		This is a loose open cluster that goes by two names. Both surround bright star 20 Vul, with NGC 6885 being a smaller subset of the stars contained inside of NGC 6882. In my image, up is 63.2 degrees East of North. Star 20 Vul is labeled. According to Sky Safari, "The clusters NGC 6882 and NGC 6885 are not readily distinguishable as separate entities. NGC 6882 has some fifty 9th to 13th magnitude stars in an 18 arc minute area, for a total magnitude of +8.1. The sixth magnitude star O or B-class star 20 Vulpeculae is at the southest edge of the cluster. NGC 6885 is centered on 20 Vul, and appears as only an extension of NGC 6882. It shines at magnitude +5.7 and is 7' across. NGC 6885 is approximately 1950 light years away."	20 12.0	+26 29	5.7	7
38	4565	Com	SbG	3/30/24	22:05	T2.5/5 S2/5		This is one of my favorites, the Needle Galaxy. It's an edge-on spiral that looks like a long, sharp shard of glass with a striking dust band running staight across its middle. A real showstopper!  A thin fluff of a galaxy sits next to it on the right, the small spiral NGC 4562.	12 36.3	+25 59	9.6	16 x 3
39	2392	Gem	PN	1/12/24	00:13	T3/5 S2/5		Formerly known as the Eskimo Nebula, this planetary is now called the Lion Face or Clown Nebula due to the appearance of its surrounding "mane" of nebulosity at high magnification. However, at lower magnfications such as in this image, the nebula shows off an imediately identifiable blue-green plantary sheen to its slightly out-of-focus orb. Easy to find in the field due to its glowing turquoise color.	07 29.2	+20 55	9.9	0.2/0.7	Eskimo Nebula
40	3626	Leo	SbG	3/13/24	22:34	T2 S2/5 (smoke!)		This spiral galaxy is quite small, but has an intensely bright core surrounded by a bright inner envelope, with a faint dusty haze encircling it on the outside. The bright central region seems to cut off abruptly on each of its long sides. A tiny little fluff of a galaxy (~1 arcmin in size, NGC 3639) can , sit s above it to the right. be seen about halfway down on the far left side of the field.	11 20.1	+18 21	10.9	3 x 2
41	-	Tau	OC	2/6/24	21:11	T4/5 S2/5		The Hyades is a favorite naked eye target to admire as it hovers over Orion. Its distinctive V-shape makes stands out easily in the winter sky. Bright star Aldebaran reigns, but the range of sizes in the other stars in the group adds a lot of interest.The Hyades is always a favorite asterism to point out to guests. This is a hand-held iPhone photo, slightly cropped.	04 27.0	+16 00	1	330	Hyades
42	7006	Del	GC	6/8/24	02:06	T4/5 S2.5/5		This is a very small globular cluster in one of the smaller constellations, Delphinus. It is dense and compact. Only a few outer stars can be resolved, the rest are compressed together to appear simply as a hazy ball.	21 01.5	+16 11	10.6	2.8	Very distant globular
43	7814	Peg	SbG				.		00 03.3	+16 09	10.5	6 x 2
44	7479	Peg	SBbG				.		23 04.9	+12 19	11	4 x 3
45	5248	Boo	ScG	5/1/24	22:50	T3/5 S3/5		What a pretty little galaxy! It is a face-on spiral with a well-defined oval core. Two prominent arms cradle the core as distinct arched segments, cupped like hands around it. Faint haze can be seen extending out from each end. Quite nice.	13 37.5	+08 53	10.2	6 x 4
46	2261	Mon	BN	1/11/24	23:13	T3/5 S2/5		Called "Hubble's Variable Nebula", this is a small bright V-shaped object that looks more like a comet, complete with billowing tail, than a reflection nebula. I can imagine that when it was first discovered, its lack of movement across the star field must have been quite puzzling. Interesting too is the background field of stars: a long river of dark void just under the nebula flows diagonally from the top left corner to the bottom right, snaking its way all the way across the field.	06 39.2	+08 44	10	2 x 1	Hubble's Variable Neb.
47	6934	Del	GC	6/8/24	1:58	T4/5 S2.5/5		Like NGC 7006 (C42), this is a small globular in Delphinus, but it is brighter and has lot of readily resolvable stars surrounding its compact central core. It has a lot more visual appeal than its dim fuzzy sibling. It probably helps that it is much closer to us, only 16kpc distant vs the 41 kpc of 7006.	20 34.2	+07 24	8.9	5.9
48	2775	Cnc	SaG	1/11/24	23:44	T3/5 S2/5		This spiral galaxy in Cancer looks more like an oval elliptical because it is so bright at mag 10. It has a bright oval core surrounded by a hazy envelope, presumably spiral arms full of stars.	09 10.3	+07 02	10.3	4.5 x 3
49	2237	Mon	BN	1/11/24	22:44	T4/5 S2/5		This is the famous Rosette emission nebula, usually processed so that it is seen in vibrant pink and rose. With my light pollution filter and only smart phone processing of a short low-res jpg, my image came out in reds, greens, and brown. It is still a stunning site to see with all of the billowing clouds of color and dust. It is larger than my image frame and I hope someday to make a panorama image that encompasses the entire nebula. In th central hole lies an open cluster of stars, the next Caldwell object below.	06 32.3	+05 03	-	80 x 60	Rosette Nebula
50	2244	Mon	OC	1/11/24	22:44	T4/5 S2/5		This elongated and boxy open cluster climbs up into the center of the rosette like a ladder. Three main pairs of bright stars and another 8-12 smaller stars stand out.  On closer inspection the middle pair of stars in this ladder is actually a "pair of pairs" (two doublets). The bright star on the ladder's lower left is brighter and more yellow than its companions.	06 32.4	+04 52	4.8	24
51	IC 1613	Cet	IG	1/31/24	19:56	T 2.5/5 T 4/5		What dwarf galaxy Caldwell 51 lacks in brightness is made up by size. It is quite large and rather amorphous. However, it is so faint, I had to really crank up the HDR (and unfortunately accompanying noise) to be able to see it here. A larger aperture and hours of exposure time are needed to do this galaxy justice.	01 04.8	+02 07	9	12 x 11
52	4697	Vir	E4G	4/28/24	22.56	T1/5 S1/5 18% clouds		Shooting through thin clouds tonight, but this bright galaxy still shines through. The galaxy is an elongated elliptical with a bit of plumpness to it. It is relatively large with glowing oval core. At its left end, it seems to be resting its nose between a matched pair of field stars.	12 48.6	-05 48	9.3	6 x 3
53	3115	Sex	E6G	2/14/24	00:48	T4/5 S2/5		This is a small but bright lenticular galaxy sitting at a 45-degree angle in the field. It is thin and elongated with a glowing core.  A round, dim bit of fuzz sits to its lower left. This is 12th magnitude galaxy PGC 29300. Star HD 87359 shines brightly to the upper right at mag 7.8.	10 05.2	-07 43	9.1	8 x 3	Spindle Galaxy
54	2506	Mon	OC	1/11/24	23:23	T4/5 S2/5		What a busy field full of stars! This open cluster is compacted into a dense but rough wedge shape. Three groups of brighter stars punctuate the finely grained core. Very nice!	08 00.2	-10 47	7.6	7
55	7009	Aqr	PN				.		21 04.2	-11 22	8.3	2.5/1	Saturn Nebula
56	246	Cet	PN				.		00 47.0	-11 53	8	3.8
57	6822	Sgr	IG	6/8/24	02:16	T4/5 S2.5/5		I'm always surprised at what a dim splotch of vagueness this galaxy presents. Since it's one of our neighboring galaxies, I keep hoping to be able to see more detail. Along its center is an oblong reddish-tinged cloud of what I presume are stars. This central smudge is surrounded by a much thinner wedge of haze extending diffusely out into the star field.	19 44.9	-14 48	9.3	10 x 9	Barnard's Galaxy
58	2360	CMa	OC	1/11/24	22:24	T4/5 S2/5		This is sometimes called "Caroline's Cluster", since it was discovered by Caroline Herschel. It appears in a dense star field in Canis Major as an arrow-shaped compact cluster. The brighter stars are in the tip of the arrowhead (to the upper right in this image), with a much looser structure of smaller stars in the wider/lower portion where we can see gaps of darkness between strings of stars. The tip of the arrow appears to be pointing at a bright (mag 5.4) star. There are 100's of stars here!	07 17.8	-15 37	7.2	13
59	3242	Hya	PN	2/13/24	23:40	T4/5 S2/5		The tell-tale turquoise glow of this bright round object gave it away as a planetary nebula. It is so round and bright, I can see why they call this "Ghost of Jupiter". An easy-to-spot PN. It actually looks more turquoise than white when viewing in real time. Nice.	10 24.8	-18 38	8.6	0.3/21	Ghost of Jupiter
60	4038	Crv	ScG	3/30/24	23:59	T2.5/5 S2/5		Caldwell 60 and 61 are two interacting galaxies together known as the Antennae. Although their faint streaming "antennae" are not visible here, the chaotic cores of the two merging galaxies are stunning.  If visible, the antennae would stretch out in faint thin arcs off of the left center edge of these conjoined twins. The top galaxy has a more bulbous head and "eyes" on each side. The lower galaxy is has a large hazy outflow, seemingly towards the rear (away from us). Overall it is very three-dimensional and shows well the strong forces at work here.	12 01.9	-18 52	11.3	2.6 x 1.8	The Antennae
61	4039	Crv	ScG	3/30/24	23:59	T2.5/5 S2/5	(see above image for C60)	See description above.	12 01.9	-18 53	13	3.2 x 2.2	The Antennae
62	247	Cet	SG				.		00 47.1	-20 46	8.9	20 x 7
63	7293	Aqr	PN						22 29.6	-20 48	6.5	13	Helix Nebula
64	2362	CMa	OC	1/11/24	23:34	T4/5 S2/5		This cluster is condensed but at the same time has a loose appearance cue to the range of star sizes within. One expectionally bright star dominates, the eponymous Tau CMa, at mag 4.4.	07 18.8	-24 57	4.1	8	Tau CMa Cluster
65	253	Scl	SG				.		00 47.6	-25 17	7.1	25 x 7	Sculptor Galaxy
66	5694	Hya	GC	5/2/24	00:14	T3/5 S3/5		This is a super cool object. At first it doesn't look like much, in fact it looks almost like a mirror image of the bright star with two smaller companion stars that sit just below it. But on closer inspection, it's not a star but a small globular cluster. It's reported to be one of the most distant globs from us, and according to Sky Safari, it "appears to be moving so fast that it is destined to escape from our Galaxy into intergalactic space." (Wow!) The loose stars sprinkling down on the lower two sides give the glob a windblown look - it's almost as if we can see it zooming through space! It is postulated that this cluster might have originally been part of the Magellenic cloud system and not of the Milky Way.	14 39.6	-26 32	10.2	3.6
67	1097	For	SBbG	1/31/24	19:39	T4/5 S2.5/5		What a pretty spinning spiral! This face-on galaxy has two dramatic arms that reach out and then curve tightly back to hug the elongated barred core.  A companion galaxy can be seen just off the base of the right arm of this galaxy and in line with the core's bright main axis. This companion is starlike in this view, not quite round but slghtly squashed in shape.	02 46.3	-30 17	9.2	9 x 6
68	6729	CrA	BN				.		19 01.9	-36 57	9.7	1	R CrA Nebula
69	6302	Sco	PN				.		17 13.7	-37 06	12.8	0.8	Bug Nebula
70	300	Scl	SdG				.		00 54.9	-37 41	8.1	20 x 13
71	2477	Pup	OC	1/31/24	22:10	T4/5 S2.5/5		What an impressive open cluster! It fills much of this field with hundreds of stars of varying magnitudes. There are crowded clumps in the center, some loose loops on the outer edges, and a few chains reaching downwards towards bright star Naos (Zeta Puppis). An enjoyable view!	07 52.3	-38 33	5.8	27
72	55	Scl	SBG				.		00 14.9	-39 11	8.2	32 x 6	Brightest in Scl Cluster
73	1851	Col	GC	2/6/24	20:41	T2/5 S2.5/5		Big, bright, and grainy, this globular cluster was fun to come upon! It has a bright condensed core with loose stars nicely scattered around in the exterior halo. This image has a fuzzy spot just above the cluster. I don't see this in other images of NGC 1851, so I wonder if it's just an artifact of the seeing or is something else going on? (I don't see another small cluster or galaxy at this position.)	05 14.1	-40 03	7.3	11
74	3132	Vel	PN	2/14/24	0:00	T4/5 S2/5		I had to go after this target several times before getting an image that even slightly revealed any subleties in the halo. This PN has an extremely bright (mag 8) central star with a poufy illuminated cloud surrounding it. Unfortunately I could not detect any color in this capture.  A nice "backwards question mark" of field stars circles around and embraces it, making it look somewhat like a light bulb. :)	10 07.7	-40 26	8.2	0.8	"Eight-Burst Nebula"
75	6124	Sco	OC	5/29/24	01:25	T2.5/5 S2/5		This bright open cluster is large and loose, with individual stars readily resolved. Because of its southern declination (-40) I had never observed this before and was quite impressed by its striking appearance. It was low on the southern horizon (15°) and the murkiness of the atmosphere gave the stars a golden look rather than the expected blues and whites.	16 25.6	-40 40	5.8	29
76	6231	Sco	OC	5/29/24	01:29	T2.5/5 S2/5		While not as large as the previous cluster (NGC 6124), this one is quite distinctive with a dozen sparkling stars and an asymmetric distribution of its stellar members. It is compact at the top, dissolving into a fainter, looser half at the bottom. Bright Zeta2 (yellow/orange) and Zeta1 (yellow/white) nicely anchor the field at the bottom of the frame.	16 54.0	-41 48	2.6	15
77	5128	Cen	Peculiar Gx	4/29/24	01:56	T1/5 S1/5 Altitude only 10° with 73% moon rising! (& was totally obscured by  clouds 30 minutes ago)		This is one of my favorite southern hemisphere targets. The dramatic swoosh of the dust belt gives this Arp Peculiar Galaxy quite an air of mystery. This galaxy is actually the result of a merger of two smaller ones and is a well-known strong source of X-ray and radio emission.	13 255	-43 01	7	18 x 14	Cen A radio source
78	6541	CrA	GC	5/29/24	02:00	T2.5/5 S2/5		What a sweet little golden globular I found sitting at only 10° above the southern horizon. I did not expect to be able to image anything at this declination (-46) from east Georgia! This globular is nicelly condensed with a round core.  It is surrounded by a faint haze and a few encircling stars in its outer reaches.	18 08.0	-43 42	6.6	13
79	3201	Vel	GC	3/13/24	23:15	T2/5 S2/5 (smoke!)		I was very excited to be able to capture this since it was only 8 deg above the southern horizon (as high as it ever gets here!) And look how yellow it is! I'm not sure how much its low altitude and tonight's hazy skies impacted the color, but Sky Safari says "With a low galactic latitude, it is known to experinece notable irregular variability of reddening across its face." So maybe a combination of factors are contributing to the golden hues? In this image, up is 14.7° east of north.	10 17.6	-46 25	6.7	18
80	5139	Cen	GC	4/29/24	00:46	T1/5 S1/5 Altitude only 8.75°! (also fighting clouds)		Wow! What a stunning beauty - so big and bright with a golden glow! We only have one month where this is visible from this location, and at best it only reaches about 15 above the horizon at transit. Our weather has been so bad lately, I was determined to get this chance at it despite the thinning cloud cover.	13 26.8	-47 29	3.6	36	Omega Centauri
81	6352	Ara	GC	5/29/24	01:38	T2.5/5 S2/5		Another small southern glob that I certainly did not expect to be able to image due to its -48° declination. Sitting only 7° above my southern horizon, it was quite dim but easily detectable with its round fairly condensed core and hazy faint halo of unresolved stars surrounding it. Interesting trivia: according to Sky Safari, this cluster is metal-rich and appears to be ~2 billion years younger than most of the other globular clusters associated with our Milky Way.	17 25.5	-48 25	8.1	7
82	6193	Ara	OC	5/29/24	01:54	T2.5/5 S2/5		This bright open cluster is just left of the Rim Nebula, an elongated emission nebula in the Southern Milky Way. Because it is so far south, I had never thought to look for this. Surprisingly I could pick it up pretty well in the little SeeStar scope desite it being only 7° above the horizon at transit.	16 41.3	-48 46	5.2	15
83	4945	Cen	SBcG	5/28/24	22:19	T2.5/5 S2/5		This is the deepest into the southern hemisphere that I've been able to see from my observatory in east Georgia (-49.5° declination!) This is aneedle-like edge-on galaxy that appears dimmer than expected probably due to the amount of atmosphere we're looking through at only 10° up from the horizon. (The murkiness is especially evident at the bottom of the field, plus there were thin clouds.)  The spiral galaxy is also encased in ~1 magnitude of interstellar dust that darkens it. This dust might also be unevenly distributed, obscuring portions of the spiral arms and giving them a chunky, disturbed appearance.	13 05.4	-49 28	9.5	20 x 4
84	5286	Cen	GC				.		13 46.4	-51 22	7.6	9
85	IC 2391	Vel	OC				.		08 40.2	-53 04	2.5	50	o (Omicron) Vel Cluster
86	6397	Ara	GC				.		17 40.7	-53 40	5.6	26
87	1261	Hor	GC				.		03 12.3	-55 13	8.4	7
88	5823	Cir	OC				.		15 05.7	-55 36	7.9	10
89	6087	Nor	OC				.		16 18.9	-57 54	5.4	12	S Nor Cluster
90	2867	Car	PN				.		09 21.4	-58 19	9.7	0.2
91	3532	Car	OC				.		11 06.4	-58 40	3	55
92	3372	Car	BN				.		10 43.8	-59 52	6.2	120 x 120	Eta Carinae Nebula
93	6752	Pav	GC				.		19 10.9	-59 59	5.4	20
94	4755	Cru	OC				.		12 53.6	-60 20	4.2	10	Jewel Box Cluster
95	6025	TrA	OC				.		16 03.7	-60 30	5.1	12
96	2516	Car	OC				.		07 58.3	-60 52	3.8	30
97	3766	Cen	OC				.		11 36.1	-61 37	5.3	12
98	4609	Cru	OC				.		12 42.3	-62 58	6.9	5
99	-	Cru	DN				.		12 53.0	-63 00	-	400 x 300	Coal Sack
100	IC 2944	Cen	OC				.		11 36.6	-63 02	4.5	15	(Lambda) Cen Cluster
101	6744	Pav	SBbG				.		19 09.8	-63 51	9	16 x 10
102	IC 2602	Car	OC				.		10 43.2	-64 24	1.9	50	(Theta) Car Cluster
103	2070	Dor	BN				.		05 38.7	-69 06	1	40 x 25	Tarantula Neb. in LMC
104	362	Tuc	GC				.		01 03.2	-70 51	6.6	13
105	4833	Mus	GC				.		12 59.6	-70 53	7.3	14
106	104	Tuc	GC				.		00 24.1	-72 05	4	31	47 Tucanae
107	6101	Aps	GC				.		16 25.8	-72 12	9.3	11
108	4372	Mus	GC				.		12 25.8	-72 40	7.8	19
109	3195	Cha	PN				.		10 09.5	-80 52	-	0.6